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Abstract Introduction Spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsy (CP) is the most prevalent type of CP. Children with spastic hemiparesis experience difficulties when using their affected upper extremities, and one effective treatment is the Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT). The study of rest-activity patterns provides information on children's daily activities with spastic hemiparetic CP during the day and sleep. Objective To investigate the effect of CIMT on the rest-activity patterns in children with spastic hemiparetic CP vs in a healthy group. Methods Nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted at the Neuropediatric Center of the Hospital de Clínicas Complex, in Curitiba, Brazil. Children with spastic hemi-paretic CP between 5 and 16 years old participated in the study group and receive the CIMT. The healthy group was composed of children between 5 and 15 years old. Both groups used accelerometer to record rest-activity patterns, that may be studied through nonparametric variables of accelerometer: M10 (an individual's most active 10h); L5 (an individual's least active 5h); and RA (relative amplitude of the circadian rest-activity patterns). Results Forty-five children were recruited, and 38 were included in the analyses (19 allocated to each group). In the study group, there was a significant increase in M10 and L5 (p < 0.001) after CIMT. The values of M10 and L5 were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the healthy group compared to the study group after CIMT. Conclusion Our results showed that children with spastic hemiparetic CP became more active and participant in their daily life during the day as well as more efficient sleeping.
Resumo Introdução A paralisia cerebral (PC) hemiparética espástica é o tipo de PC mais prevalente. Crianças com hemiparesia es-pástica apresentam dificuldades ao usar as extremidades superiores afetadas e um tratamento eficaz é a Terapia por Contensão Induzida (TCI). O estudo dos padrões de atividade-repouso fornece informações sobre as atividades diárias de crianças com PC hemiparética espástica durante o dia e o sono. Objetivo Investigar o efeito da TCI nos padrões de repouso-atividade em crianças com PC hemiparética espástica versus um grupo saudável. Métodos Realizou-se um ensaio controlado não randomizado no Centro de Neuropediatria do Complexo do Hospital de Clínicas, Curitiba, Brasil. Crianças com PC hemi-parética espástica entre 5 e 16 anos participaram do grupo de estudo e receberam a TCI. O grupo saudável foi composto por crianças entre 5 e 15 anos. Ambos os grupos utilizaram um acelerômetro para registrar padrões de atividade-repouso, os quais podem ser estudados através de variáveis não paramé-tricas do acelerômetro: M10 (10h mais ativas de um indivíduo); L5 (5h menos ativas de um indivíduo); e AR (amplitude rela-tiva dos padrões de atividade-repouso). Resultados Foram recrutadas 45 crianças e 38 foram incluídas nas análises (19 alocadas em cada grupo). No grupo de estudo, houve aumento significativo de M10 e L5 (p < 0,001) após TCI. Os valores de M10 e L5 foram significativamente maiores (p < 0,001) no grupo saudável em comparação ao grupo de estudo após TCI. Conclusão Os resultados do presente estudo mostraram que crianças com PC hemiparética espástica tornaram-se mais ativas e participantes de sua vida diária durante o dia, bem como dormiram mais eficientemente.
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Objective:To design a motor impairment rehabilitation monitoring aid for the assessment of motor impairment in patients who do not have or have difficulty walking independently.Methods:An assistive device vehicle was designed, equipped with an accelerometer and a six-dimensional force sensor. The normal walking (NW) group and abnormal walking group were set up, in which the abnormal walking group included moderate abnormal walking (MA) group, moderate abnormal walking with the aid of the assistive vehicle (MA-V) group, severe abnormal walking (SA) group, and severe abnormal walking with the aid of the assistive vehicle (SA-V) group. In the MA-V group, the range of knee movement was adjusted from 0 to 30°, and in the SA group, the knee joint was completely unbending. The gait cycles, peak and mean acceleration values of the right and left legs were evaluated by accelerometers, and changes in the upper limb forces were assessed by six-dimensional force transducers.Results:For the moderate impairment group, the difference in gait cycle between the MA and MA-V groups was not statistically significant ( P>0.05), and the gait cycle in the MA-V group was slightly greater than that in the MA group. For the severe injury group, the gait cycle of the SA-V group was lower than that of the SA group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). For all abnormal groups, the mean and peak acceleration of the left leg were greater than that of the right leg, and the difference between the peak acceleration of the left leg and that of the right leg was statistically significant ( P<0.05). In the abnormal walking pattern, the mean (absolute) value of the left hand force was greater than that of the right hand, especially in the Z-axis. The standard deviations of the combined forces on the left side for the NW, MA-V, and SA-V groups were 2.759, 8.297, and 13.118 N, respectively. The SA-V group had the highest dispersion in the force scatter plot, while the NW group had a better concentration. Conclusions:An assistive vehicle equipped with an accelerometer and a six-dimensional force sensor was designed to help physicians in the assessment and rehabilitation of motor disorders.
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Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the test-retest reliability and validity of the long-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-long form). Materials and methods: A subsample of 86 teachers underwent telephone interviews and clinic visits in Mexico City. Through 22 months, physical activity (PA) levels were obtained from accelerometers (months 6 and 22) and IPAQ long-form (months 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12). Minutes per week of moderate (MPA), walking (WPA), vigorous (VPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were calculated for each intensity and domain. Variables were logarithmically transformed. Intra-class and Pearson correlations were used to determine the relationship between instruments. Results: Test-retest reliability of the average IPAQs long-form varied across intensities and domains (ranged from r= 0.24 to r= 0.65). Minutes per week of VPA and MVPA accelerometer 1 (AC1) were fairly associated to International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form 3 (IPAQ3) (r= 0.60 and r= 0.31, respectively) one week apart. Conclusions: IPAQ long-form is fairly reliable for MVPA and valid for assessing MVPA and VPA in a subsample of Mexican teachers.
Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la confiabilidad y validez del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física versión larga (por sus siglas en inglés IPAQ-long form). Material y métodos: Un total de 86 maestras realizaron entrevistas y visitas a clínicas en la Ciudad de México. En un periodo de 22 meses, se obtuvieron los niveles de actividad física (AF) por medio de un acelerómetro (AC) (meses 6 y 22) y autorreporte de actividad física por medio del IPAQ versión larga (meses 1, 3, 6, 9 y 12). Se estimaron los minutos por semana de actividad física moderada (AFM), caminando (AFC), vigorosa (AFV) y actividad física moderada-vigorosa (AFMV) para cada intensidad y dominio. Las variables se transformaron logarítmicamente. Se utilizaron correlaciones de intraclase y de Pearson para determinar la relación de los minutos por semana de AFM, AFC, AFMV entre instrumentos. Resultados: La confiabilidad entre el promedio de los IPAQs varió entre intensidades y dominios (de r = 0.24 a r = 0.65). Los minutos por semana de AFV y AFMV del acelerómetro 1 (AC1) se asociaron con los del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física 3 (IPAQ3) (r = 0.60 y r = 0.31, respectivamente) reportado una semana después. Conclusiones: La versión larga del IPAQ es confiable para estimar AFMV y válido para evaluar AFMV y AFV en una submuestra de maestras mexicanas.
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RESUMO O uso do acelerômetro para mensurar a atividade física em pesquisas epidemiológicas, apresenta desafios para aumentar a comparabilidade entre os estudos que utilizam esse equipamento. Nesse sentido o objetivo deste trabalho é comparar estimativas de tempo em AFMV para adultos provenientes de diferentes métodos de processamentos de dados, através do acelerômetro Actigraph GT3X+. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, da linha de base do estudo piloto do Estudo Longitudinal dos Determinantes da Atividade Física. Amostra contou com 31 funcionários terceirizados de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 47.05anos (DP=9.35). Os participantes utilizaram acelerômetros do modelo GT3X+ durante sete dias consecutivos. A estimativa de tempo de AFMV foi gerada através de software Actilife e R-package GGIR. Análises estatísticas descritivas, ANOVA e pos-hoc de Bonferroni para comparabilidade foram realizadas no software R. Análise de Bland-Altman foi realizado no SigmaPlot para avaliação de viés e concordância. Houve diferença significativa no tempo médio de AFMV entre os dados baseados em counts e dados brutos (p<0,001). O tempo médio em AFMV foi menor a partir do processamento por dados brutos do que o em counts (-264,81min/dia; p<0,001). Concluindo que os achados sugerem não haver, estatisticamente, equivalência entre os métodos comparados para estimar tempo de AFMV.
ABSTRACT The use of accelerometers to measure physical activity in epidemiological research presents challenges to increase comparability between studies that use this equipment. In this sense, the objective of this work is to compare time estimates in MVPA for adults from different data processing methods, using the Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer. This is a cross-sectional study, from the baseline of the pilot study of the Longitudinal Study of the Determinants of Physical Activity. Sample had 31 outsourced employees of both genders, with an average age of 47.05 years (SD=9.35). Participants used GT3X+ model accelerometers for seven consecutive days. The MVPA time estimate was generated using Actilife and R-package GGIR software. Descriptive statistical analyses, ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc for comparability were performed in the R software. Bland-Altman analysis was performed in SigmaPlot to assess bias and agreement. There was a significant difference in the mean time of MVPA between count-based data and raw data (p<0.001). The average time in MVPA was shorter from processing by raw data than in counts (-264.81 min/day; p<0.001). Concluding that the findings suggest that there is no statistically equivalence between the methods compared to estimate MVPA time.
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Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Software , Electronic Data Processing/instrumentation , Exercise , Accelerometry , Wrist , Pilot Projects , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the differences of alignment and operative time between portable accelerometer-based navigation device (PAD) and computer assisted surgery (CAS) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).@*METHODS@#Data of patients using iASSIST (a kind of PAD) and OrthoPilot (a kind of CAS) for TKA in Peking University Third Hospital from December 2017 to December 2019 were retrospectively collected. The differences of preoperative general data, preoperative alignment, operative time and postoperative alignment were studied between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#A total of 82 patients were enrolled in our study, including 40 patients in the PAD group and 42 patients in the CAS group. Gender, age, body mass index (BMI), surgical side, preoperative hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle and preoperative HKA angle deviation didn't show statistically significant difference between the PAD group and the CAS group (P>0.05). Postoperative HKA angle (180.8°±2.2° vs.181.8±1.6°, t=－2.458, P=0.016) and postoperative coronal femoral-component angle (CFA, 90.6°±1.8° vs. 91.6°±1.6°, t =－2.749, P=0.007) of the PAD group were smaller than those of the CAS group, but there was no significant difference in coronal tibia-component angle (CTA, 90.0°±1.3° vs.89.6°±1.4°, t=1.335, P=0.186) between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the rate of outliers (varus or valgus > 3°) for postoperative HKA angle (10.0% vs.11.9%, χ2 =0.076, P=0.783), CFA (12.5% vs. 14.3%, χ2=0.056, P=0.813) and CTA (2.5% vs. 0%, χ2=1.063, P=0.303). There was no significant difference in the accuracy of postoperative HKA angle (2.1° vs. 2.0°, t=0.055, P=0.956), CFA (1.4° vs. 1.8°, t=－1.365, P=0.176) and CTA (1.0° vs. 1.1°, t=－0.828, P=0.410) between the two groups. The precision of postoperative HKA angle (1.1° vs. 1.3°, F=1.251, P=0.267), CFA (1.3° vs. 1.4°, F=0.817, P=0.369) and CTA (0.8° vs. 0.9°, F=0.937, P=0.336) were also not significantly different. We also didn't find statistically significant difference in operative time between the two groups [(83.4±25.6) min vs. (86.5±17.7) min, t=－0.641, P=0.524].@*CONCLUSION@#PAD and CAS had similar accuracy and precision in alignment in TKA, and there was no significant difference in operative time, which indicates that PAD has a broad application prospect in TKA.
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Humans , Accelerometry , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee , Knee Joint/surgery , Operative Time , Osteoarthritis, Knee , Retrospective Studies , Surgery, Computer-Assisted , Tibia/surgeryABSTRACT
Increasing light-intensity physical activity (LPA) or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and decreasing sedentary behavior (SB) are important to maintain cognitive function in older adults. However, there is a lack of studies examining the influence of replacing time spent in SB, LPA and MVPA on cognitive function. Therefore, this study applied an isotemporal substitution (IS) model approach to examine the associations of objectively measured SB, LPA, and MVPA on multiple cognitive functions in older adults. We analyzed data from 145 older persons (mean age, 75.1 ± 4.5 years; 61.4% women) in Kasama City, Japan. We assessed SB, LPA, and MVPA for seven consecutive days with a triaxial accelerometer. To evaluate the cognitive function, we used the Five-Cog test (character position referencing task, category cued recall task, clock drawing task, animal name listing task, and analogy task). The IS model of the multiple regression analysis was used to examine the effects of replacing time spent on one activity type with 30 minutes per day of SB, LPA, and MVPA on multiple cognitive functions, adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, education, smoking, sleep duration, history of stroke, medication for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes and accelerometer wear time. The results showed that reallocation from SB to LPA was significantly related to the category cued recall task score (B = 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.07 - 1.31). In contrast, other reallocations were not associated with any cognitive tasks. The results suggest that substituting SB with LPA is positively associated with verbal episode memory among older Japanese adults.
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BACKGROUND@#Further research is required to explore the associations between 24-h movement behaviours and health outcomes in the paediatric population. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the associations between novel data-driven 24-h activity metrics and adiposity among children and adolescents.@*METHODS@#The sample included 382 children (8-13 years) and 338 adolescents (14-18 years). The average acceleration (AvAcc) of activity, intensity gradient (IG), and metrics representing the initial acceleration for the most active time periods of the 24-h cycle were calculated from raw acceleration data. Adiposity measures included body mass index z-score, fat mass percentage (FM%), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression adjusted for wear time, sex, maternal education level, and maternal overweight and obesity.@*RESULTS@#Children demonstrated higher values in all 24-h activity metrics than did adolescents (p < 0.001 for all). For children, the initial acceleration for the most active 2, 5, 15, and 30 min of the 24-h cycle were negatively associated with FM% (p ≤ 0.043 for all) and VAT (p <0.001 for all), respectively. For adolescents, the IG was negatively associated with FM% (p = 0.002) and VAT (p = 0.007). Moreover, initial acceleration for the most active 2, 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min were associated with FM% (p ≤ 0.007 for all) and with VAT (p ≤ 0.023 for all).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The intensity distribution of activity and initial acceleration for the most active 2, 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min within the 24-h cycle are beneficial for the prevention of excess adiposity in the paediatric population.
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RESUMEN Introducción: La determinación del nivel de actividad física (AF) puede realizarse a través de acelerómetro o mediante cuestionario de auto-reporte. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los niveles de AF entre un cuestionario de auto-reporte y la medición con acelerómetro de movimiento según factores sociodemográficos en la población chilena. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal que incluyó a 230 adultos chilenos participantes del proyecto Genes, Ambiente, Diabetes y Obesidad (GENADIO). Niveles de AF fueron medidos mediante el cuestionario Internacional Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) y acelerómetro de movimiento (ActiGraph). Resultados: IPAQ subestimó los niveles de AF total en comparación a la medición con acelerómetro (delta [IPAQ-Acel.]= −55,7 min/día). Según nivel educacional, se evidenció que el cuestionario IPAQ sobreestimó los niveles de AF total en personas con bajo nivel educacional (delta [IPAQ-Acel.]= 70,4 min/día), pero subestimó la AF total en personas con enseñanza media o técnico universitaria (delta [IPAQ-Acel.]= −67,9 y −135,6 min/día, respectivamente). Resultados similares fueron observados para los distintos niveles de ingreso socioeconómico (NSE). Conclusión: El cuestionario de auto-reporte IPAQ subestimó los niveles de AF total en comparación a la medición por acelerómetro; sin embargo, estas diferencias variaron según factores sociodemográficos.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Determining level of physical activitY (PA) can be done with objective measurement, through accelerometer, or by subjective measurement through self-report questionnaire. The aim of this study was to compare PA measurements derived from a self-reported questionnaire and accelerometer according to sociodemographic factors in the Chilean population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which included 230 Chilean adults participating in the GENADIO study (Genes, Environment, Diabetes and Obesity). PA levels were measured through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and GT1M accelerometer (ActiTrainer, ActiGraph). Results: IPAQ questionnaire underestimated the total PA levels compared to the accelerometer measurement (delta[IPAQ-Acel.]= −55.7 min/day). According to educational level, IPAQ questionnaire overestimated PA level in people with low educational level (delta[IPAQ-Accel.]= 70.4 min/day), but underestimated total PA in people with secondary education or university technician (delta[IPAQ-Accel.]=-67.9 and-135.6 min/day, respectively). Similar results were observed for the different levels of socioeconomic income. Conclusion: The IPAQ questionnaire underestimated total PA levels compared to accelerometer; however, these differences varied according to sociodemographic factors.
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Adult , Exercise , Obesity , Population , Chronic Disease , Education, Primary and Secondary , Environment , GenesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To quantify pelvic retroversion during clinical evaluation of hip flexion with accelerometers and to verify the reliability of these sensors to measure hip flexion. Methods: An accelerometer was positioned laterally in the pelvis to measure pelvic retroversion. Another accelerometer was positioned anteriorly on the thigh to evaluate hip flexion amplitude. The evaluations were performed with volunteers in supine position by three raters. For evaluation of pelvic retroversion, the mean ± SD (minimum-maximum) was calculated. Reliability of the accelerometer between raters was determined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). The linear correlation coefficient between hip flexion was determined by using goniometer and accelerometer. Results: The mean pelvic retroversion was 7.3° ± 0.93° (6°-11°) in the clinical limit of the hip range of motion, which was 106.25° ± 10.46° (93°-130°). The ICC between two raters were 0.60, 0.71 and 0.74 (goniometer) and 0.46, 0.71 and 0.83 (accelerometer). The linear correlation between hip flexion measurements with goniometer and accelerometer was 0.87. Conclusion: During clinical evaluation of the final range of hip flexion, there was an associated pelvic movement of approximately 7.3º. Accelerometers have proven to be reliable for measurement of hip flexion. Level of Evidence III, Study of nonconsecutive patients with no gold reference standard applied uniformly.
RESUMO Objetivo: Quantificar a retroversão pélvica durante avaliação clínica da flexão do quadril com acelerômetros e verificar a confiabilidade destes sensores para mensurar flexão do quadril. Métodos: Posicionou-se um acelerômetro lateralmente na pelve para mensurar retroversão pélvica. Outro foi posicionado anteriormente sobre a coxa para avaliar flexão do quadril. As avaliações foram realizadas com voluntários, em decúbito dorsal, por três avaliadores. Para avaliação da retroversão pélvica, determinou-se a média ± DP (mínimo-máximo). Avaliou-se a confiabilidade dos acelerômetros entre avaliadores pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI). Determinou-se o coeficiente de correlação linear entre as mensurações de flexão do quadril com goniômetro e acelerômetro. Resultados: A retroversão pélvica média foi de 7,3° ± 0,93° (6°-11°), mensurada no limite clínico da flexão do quadril, que foi de 106,25° ± 10,46° (93°-130°), ambos com acelerômetro. Os CCI entre dois avaliadores diferentes nas avaliações de flexão do quadril foram de 0,60, 0,71 e 0,74 (goniômetro) e 0,46, 0,71 e 0,83 (acelerômetro). A correlação linear entre as mensurações de flexão do quadril com goniômetro e acelerômetro foi de 0,87. Conclusão: Durante avaliação clínica da amplitude final de flexão do quadril, houve movimentação associada da pelve aproximadamente de 7,3°. Acelerômetros mostraram-se confiáveis para mensuração da flexão do quadril. Nível de evidência III, Estudo de pacientes não consecutivos sem padrão de referência "ouro" aplicado uniformemente.
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Resumo Introdução : combates a incêndios florestais expõem bombeiros a elevado risco cardiovascular. Objetivo : avaliar o nível de atividade física (ATF), o comportamento sedentário e a sobrecarga cardiovascular de bombeiros durante um combate a incêndio florestal de grande porte. Métodos : durante 9 dias de atividade, 24h/dia, avaliaram-se 7 bombeiros do sexo masculino. Os participantes tiveram a frequência cardíaca (FC) medida a cada segundo e a ATF registrada por um sensor de movimento, do tipo acelerômetro, a cada 60 segundos. Foram computadas as médias dos registros do 2º, 3º e 4º dias. A ATF e o comportamento sedentário foram avaliados pelo vetor magnitude do acelerômetro, e a sobrecarga cardiovascular, pelo comportamento da FC. Resultados : os participantes apresentaram média de 112 (DP 24) min/dia de ATF moderada/vigorosa (MV), acumularam em média 14.803 (DP 1.667) passos/dia e gasto energético de 1.860 (DP 481) kcal/dia. A sobrecarga cardiovascular permaneceu, em média, 47 (DP 42) min/dia em esforço vigoroso e 8 (DP 12) min/dia em esforço muito vigoroso. Conclusão: os bombeiros avaliados acumularam mais que o dobro da recomendação mínima de ATF-MV semanal em três dias, apresentaram mais de 50 min/dia de elevada sobrecarga cardiovascular e pouco tempo em comportamento sedentário, se comparados a outras profissões.
Abstract Introduction: wildland fire suppression exposes firefighters to high cardiovascular risk. Objective: to evaluate the physical activity level (PAL), sedentary behavior (SB) and cardiovascular strain of wildland firefighters during a large fire suppression. Methods: for 9 days, 24h/day, we evaluated 7 male wildland firefighters. Participants had their heart rate (HR) measured every second and physical activity recorded by an accelerometer sensor every 60 seconds. The mean records of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th days of fire suppression were computed for the analysis. PAL was evaluated by the vector magnitude and cardiovascular strain by HR intensity. Results: the volunteers spent on average 112 (SD 24) min/day in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), achieved 14,803 (SD 1,667) steps/day and spent 1,860 (SD 481) kcal/day. Cardiovascular strain remained on average at 47 (SD 42) min/day of vigorous effort and 8 (SD 12) min/day of very vigorous physical activity. Conclusion: the firefighters evaluated during a large-scale wildland fire suppression accounted for more than double of the minimum recommended MVPA/week in three days, showed more than 50 min/day of high cardiovascular strain, and little time on sedentary behavior compared to other professions.
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Walking football was born in United Kingdom around 2011, that is forbidden to running. In recent years, walking football has become increasingly popular as a sport that diverse people can enjoy together. However, it is not clarified exercise intensity and how they feel after playing walking football. We aimed to determine the intensity when playing walking football and investigated how mood change. Twenty-six men and women (18 males, 8 females) out of those who participated in walking football event agreed to the present study. Heart rate (HR) was measured using wearable device with photoplethysmography when playing walking football. Metabolic equivalents (METs) was assessed using a triaxial accelerometer worn on the waist. McGill pain questionnaire was used to assess pain sites and number. To assess change in mood, short version of physical activity enjoyment scale (sPACES) was used before and after playing walking football. Borg scale was measured before and after walking football. The HR and METs were respectively as follows; male, 111.9 ± 11.4 bpm and 4.3 ± 0.6METs; female, 118.6 ± 16.2 bpm and 4.8 ± 0.7METs. There was no significant difference between men and women in both HR and METs during walking football. The sPACES was indicated significantly positive changes in mood, and Borg scale was significantly increased after playing walking football, without increasing acute or chronic pain. The walking football is safe and moderate-intensity sports and induce positive changes in mood.
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BACKGROUND: Precise measuring and monitoring of physical activity (PA) in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) are critical for assessing their PA participation and its potential health benefits. Accelerometer-based assessment of PA has been considered valid, reliable, and practical in children with CP. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between accelerometer- and questionnaire-based assessment of PA in CP patients.METHODS: Nineteen patients with CP who were classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System level I–III and 84 normally developed participants were included in the study. Study participants wore an accelerometer for seven days, after which they visited the hospital and completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). CP patients and their caregivers completed the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) and the Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities, respectively. The concurrent validity of the questionnaires was assessed.RESULTS: In the accelerometer-based assessment, time spent in PA was significantly shorter at every intensity level in CP patients than in normally developed participants. However, PA assessed by the IPAQ was significantly higher in patients with CP, indicating that they tend to exaggerate their participation in PA. On the correlation of the assessment by the accelerometer and by the PODCI, transfer/basic mobility, sports/physical function, and happiness increased significantly as the number of steps taken and the distance travelled increased.CONCLUSIONS: In patients with CP, happiness and quality of life are associated with higher levels of PA. Thus, programs for patients with CP should focus on improving their PA.
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Child , Humans , Caregivers , Cerebral Palsy , Child Health , Classification , Data Collection , Happiness , Insurance Benefits , Motor Activity , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
Objective: This study aimed to measure the physical activity (exercise and non-exercise) of community-dwelling elderly Japanese individuals and to investigate the relationships between physical activity and daily life behaviors.Methods: Community-dwelling elderly Japanese individuals who resided in town A, city B, Gunma Prefecture, Japan, and were not certified as requiring long-term care were included in this study. Physical activity in 1 week was measured using a triaxial accelerometer. A self-administered questionnaire was applied to assess daily life behaviors. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to examine the factors affecting physical activity.Results: A total of 107 elderly Japanese (46 men and 61 women) individuals were included. The mean amount of physical activity in men was 37.9 Metabolic equivalents (METs)*h/wk, whereas that in women was 33.8 METs*h/wk. The proportion of exercise to physical activity for men and women was 43.2% and 26.0%, respectively. Men and women took an average of 47,393.7 and 35,305.6 steps/wk, respectively. Step counts and the presence or absence of plant cultivation were the factors associated with the amount of physical activity. The exercise component of physical activity was associated with step count, whereas the non-exercise component was associated with step count, plant cultivation, and frequent outings.Conclusion: Among community-dwelling elderly Japanese individuals, physical activity levels appear to be affected by step count and the presence or absence of certain factors, such as plant cultivation and frequent outings.
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Resumen: Introducción: Las lesiones del LCA se encuentran dentro de las lesiones ligamentarias más frecuentes. Esto ha llevado al desarrollo de diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas para recuperar la estabilidad de la rodilla. Material y métodos: Estudio clínico, aleatorizado, ciego comparando técnicas de reconstrucción de LCA con Un Haz y «U-Dos¼ mediante escalas clínicas y artrometría con KT-1000 y Pivot Shift Meter. Resultados: De 36 pacientes, 52.94% fue sorteado para la técnica de Un Haz y 47.06% para «U-Dos¼. En 11.76% de los pacientes se presentó un desplazamiento mayor a 11 mm en la rodilla afectada con KT-1000. En 8.82% se mostró un desplazamiento anterior igual en ambas rodillas. Un paciente presentó un desplazamiento anterior mayor posterior a la cirugía de reconstrucción con la técnica de Un Haz, pero con mejoría en las escalas clínicas. En las mediciones de Pivot Shift se encontró una diferencia en el desplazamiento mayor a los 4,000 m/s en el eje de las X tras la técnica de Un Haz en comparación con la rodilla sana calculando integrales, mientras que con U-Dos la diferencia fue menor de 600 m/s. En el eje de «Y¼ se encontró una diferencia > 3,500 m/s entre la pierna sana y la lesionada, la cual disminuye a menos de 2,000 m/s tras la reconstrucción mediante técnica de U-Dos. Conclusiones: A lo largo del estudio se han encontrado diferencias en la evolución de los pacientes que indican que la reparación mediante la técnica de U-Dos tiene mejores resultados al lograr recuperar la estabilidad anteroposterior y rotacional del miembro afectado.
Abstract: Introduction: ACL injuries are found within the most common ligament injuries. This has led to the development of different surgical techniques to restore knee stability. Material y Methods: Clinical study, randomized, blind comparing ACL reconstruction techniques with One Band and «U-Two¼ using clinical scales and arthrometria with KT-1000 and Pivot Shift Meter. Results: Of 36 patients, 52.94% was drawn for the One Band technique and 47.06% for «U-Two¼. 11.76% of patients had a displacement greater than 11mm in the affected knee with KT-1000. 8.82% showed an equal anterior displacement on both knees. One patient had a major previous displacement after reconstruction surgery with the one band technique, but with improvement on clinical scales. Pivot Shift measurements found a difference in displacement greater than 4,000 m/s on the X axis following the One Band technique compared to the healthy knee calculating integrals, while with U-Two the difference was less than 600 m/s. On the Y axis a difference of > 3,500 m/s was found between the healthy and the injured leg, which decreases to less than 2,000 m/s after reconstruction using U-Two technique. Conclusions: Differences have been found throughout the study in patient evolution, indicating that repair using the U-Dos technique has better results in recovering the anteroposterior and rotational stability of the affected limb.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/surgery , Joint Instability/surgery , Biomechanical Phenomena , Range of Motion, Articular , Knee Joint/surgeryABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: A cow behavior monitoring system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) has been designed and implemented using tri-axial accelerometer, MSP430 microcontroller, wireless radio frequency (RF) module, and a laptop. The implemented system measured cow movement behavior and transmitted acceleration data to the laptop through the wireless RF module. Results were displayed on the laptop in a 2D graph, through which behavior patterns of cows were predicted. The measured data from the system were analyzed using the Multi-Back Propagation-Adaptive Boosting algorithm to determine the specific behavioral state of cows. The developed system can be used to increase classification performance of cow behavior by detecting acceleration data. Accuracy exceeded 90% for all the classified behavior categories, and the specificity of normal walking reached 96.98%. The sensitivity was good for all behavior patterns except standing up and lying down, with a maximum of 87.23% for standing. Overall, the IoT-based measurement system provides accurate and remote measurement of cow behavior, and the ensemble classification algorithm can effectively recognize various behavior patterns in dairy cows. Future research will improve the classification algorithm parameters and increase the number of enrolled cows. Once the functionality and reliability of the system have been confirmed on a large scale, commercialization may become possible.
RESUMO: Um sistema de monitoramento de comportamento de vacas baseado na Internet das Coisas (IoT) foi projetado e implementado através do uso de acelerômetro tri-axial, Microcontrolador MSP430, módulo de rádio, frequência sem fio (RF), e um portátil. O sistema implementado mediu o comportamento do movimento da vaca e transmitiu dados de aceleração ao portátil através do módulo RF sem fio. Os resultados foram exibidos no portátil em um gráfico 2D, através do qual os padrões de comportamento das vacas foram previstos. Os dados medidos do sistema foram analisados usando o Multi-retropropagação-Adaptativa algoritmo de Boosting para determinar o estado comportamental específico das vacas. O sistema desenvolvido pode ser usado para aumentar a classificação de desempenho de vaca comportamento através da detecção de aceleração de dados. A precisão excedeu 90% de todas as categorias de classificação de comportamento e a especificidade do andar normal atingiu 96.98%. A sensibilidade foi boa para todos os padrões de comportamento, exceto em pé e deitada, com um máximo de 87.23% para ficar de pé. No geral, o sistema baseado em IoT fornece medição precisa e remota do comportamento da vaca, e o algoritmo de conjunto de classificação pode efetivamente reconhecer vários padrões de comportamento em vacas leiteiras. Pesquisas futuras irão melhorar os parâmetros do algoritmo de classificação e aumentar a quantidade de vacas matriculadas. Uma vez que a funcionalidade e confiabilidade do sistema foram confirmadas em larga escala, a comercialização pode se tornar possível.
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Habilidades Motoras Fundamentais (HMFS) são movimentos básicos como correr e arremessar, cujo desenvolvimento ocorre na infância e deve ser mantida por toda vida. A proficiência nessas habilidades é desejável para a execução adequada das atividades diárias, recreativas e competitivas. A literatura relata uma associação entre as HMFS com um aumento do nível de atividade física (NAF), indicando que as pessoas mais habilidosas são mais confiantes para executar suas atividades e consequentemente, são mais ativas fisicamente. No entanto, não se conhece bem a relação e impacto das HMFS sobre o NAF. Quando se considera os benefícios conhecidos da atividade física (AF) e a natureza do desenvolvimento motor, é racional reconhecer que o professor de Educação Física (EF) é o principal responsável pelo desenvolvimento das HMFS com importante impacto no futuro estilo de vida dos seus alunos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever e investigar os níveis de HMFS e sua associação com NAF em escolares do ensino fundamental. Método: Participaram deste estudo 148 crianças saudáveis (70 meninos; 78 meninas) com idades entre seis e 10 anos. O teste TGMD-2 foi usado para classificar os níveis das HMFS (em sete escalas) nos subtestes (locomoção e controle de objetos) e no quociente do desenvolvimento motor grosso (QDMG). O NAF foi determinado por acelerometria (Actigraph wGT3X-BT) por meio de "counts", considerando o Vetor Magnitude (VM) Semanal de AF Moderada/Vigorosa (Total Semanal MV), para classificar o NAF Total Semanal MV como sedentário ou ativo, de acordo com as classificações de Chandler et al. (2015). A associação entre os escores padrões das HMFS com o QDMG e com o NAF foi verificada (Pearson). A influência das HMFS sobre o NAF Total Semanal MV foi estabelecida por regressão linear simples explicativa, considerando o NAF como variável dependente e os escores padronizados dos subtestes e o QDMG como variáveis independentes. Para todas as análises realizadas (SPSS 20.0) considerou-se ?=0,05. Resultados: Para o NAF Total Semanal MV foram identificadas baixas correlações estatisticamente significantes com QDMG (r=0,33: p<0,001), escore padrão da locomoção (r = 0,24; p=0,004) e escore padrão controle de objetos (r=0,32: p<0,001). A regressão linear (?) mostrou que o QDMG explica 33.3% da variância do NAF Total Semanal MV [FANOVA = 18,216, p=0.001; r2ajustado=0.105]. De modo semelhante, a variância do NAF Total Semanal MV é explicada em diferentes magnitudes pelo escore padrão da locomoção (?=23.8%; [FANOVA = 8.738, p=0.004; r2=0.050]) e pelo controle de objetos (?=32,3%; [FANOVA = 16,991, p=0.001; r2=0.098]). As HMFS apresentaram um impacto de 33% no NAF Total Semanal MV. Crianças com níveis mais altos de HMFS foram as mais ativas fisicamente. Conclusão: Assim, pode-se considerar que os níveis de proficiência das HMFS têm importante influência no NAF Total Semanal MV das crianças. Diante disso, as crianças das séries iniciais necessitam de planos de ensino enfatizando o desenvolvimento das HMFS, pois são prioritariamente desenvolvidas nessa fase da infância
Fundamental Motor Skills (FMS) are basic movements, such as running and throwing, whose development occurs in childhood and must be maintained throughout life. Proficiency in these skills is desirable for proper performance of daily, recreational and competitive activities. The literature reports an association between FMS with an increase in the level of physical activity (LPA), indicating that people who are more skilled are more confident to perform activities and consequently, are more physically active. However, it is not well understood the relationship and impact of FMS on LPA. When considering the known benefits of physical activity (PA) and the nature of motor development, it is rational to recognize that the Physical Education (PE) teacher is the most responsible for the development of FMS with important impact on the future lifestyle of his/her students. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe and investigate levels of FMS and their association with LPA in elementary school students. Method: A total of 148 healthy children (70 boys, 78 girls) with ages between six and 10 years participated in this study. The TGMD-2 test was used to classify FMS levels (on seven scales) in the subtests (locomotor and object control) and in the Gross Motor Quotient (GMQ). The LPA was determined by accelerometry (Actigraph wGT3X-BT) by means of "counts", considering the Magnitude Vector (MV) Weekly of Moderate/Vigorous PA (Total Weekly MV), to classify the LPA Total Weekly VM as sedentary or active, according to the classifications of Chandler et al. (2015). The association between FMS standard scores with GMQ and LPA was verified (Pearson). The influence of the FMS on the LPA Total Weekly MV was established by simple linear regression, considering the LPA as the dependent variable and the standardized scores of the subtests and the GMQ as independent variables. All analyzes were performed considering ? = 0.05. Results: For the LPA Total Weekly MV, low statistically significant correlations were identified with GMQ (r = 0.33: p <0.001), standard locomotor score (r = 0.24, p = 0.004) p <0.001) and standard object control score (r = 0.32: p <0.001). The linear regression (?) showed that the GMQ explains 33.3% of the variance of the LPA Total Weekly MV [FANOVA = 18,216, p = 0.001; r2 set = 0.105]. Similarly, the variance of the LPA Total Weekly MV is explained in different magnitudes by the standard locomotor score (? = 23.8%, [FANOVA = 8.738, p = 0.004, r2 = 0.050]) and object control (?=32, 3%; [FANOVA = 16,991, p=0.001; r2=0.098]). FMS had a 33% impact on LPA Total Weekly MV. Children with higher levels of FMS were the most physically active. Conclusion: Thus, it can be considered that FMS proficiency levels have an important influence on children's LPA Total Weekly MV. Faced with this, children in early grade need teaching plans emphasizing the development FMS, as they are primarily developed at this stage of childhood
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Humans , Child , Child Health , Acceleration/adverse effects , Motor ActivityABSTRACT
The decrease in physical activity in elementary school children is an important problem in Japan. Previous studies have shown that physical activity during the summer vacation is lower than during the school days, and a program for increase in physical activity during the summer vacation are required. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of physical education homework and exercise events during summer vacation in elementary school children. A total of 67 children in grade 4 were assigned to the two groups for each school: the control school (n = 39) or the intervention school (i.e., did physical education homework and participated in exercise events; n = 28). Physical education homework was constituted of four exercise programs per day. Additionally, exercise events were carried out four times during the summer vacation. Physical activity before and during the summer vacation were measured by accelerometer (Lifecorder EX). The decline in physical activity of the intervention school was less than the control school, and significant interactions were indicated by two-way repeated ANOVA (Step count: F (1, 65) = 6.704; Light-intensity physical activity, LPA: F (1, 65) = 4.365; Moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity, MVPA: F (1, 65) = 6.088, all P < 0.05, respectively). After adjusted for sex, percentage of overweight, participation of sport activity, and each physical activity, significant trends of interactions about the step count, LPA, and MVPA were shown (Step count: F (1, 61) = 3.982, P = 0.050; LPA: F (1, 61) = 3.243, P = 0.077; MVPA: F (1, 61) = 2.916, P = 0.093). These results suggest that combined use of physical education homework and exercise events are effective to attenuate the decrease in physical activity during summer vacation in elementary school children.
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The purpose of this study was to assess physical activity using questionnaires and an accelerometer in 4th grade children (aged 9-10 years) and compare differences between the methods of evaluation. Fourth elementary school children were selected (total = 221), including 106 boys and 115 girls. The participants were investigated on their anthropometry and physical activity. The questionnaire was used to evaluate exercise time and the accelerometer was used to measure moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). During weekdays and weekdays, the exercise time was significantly higher than MVPA for girls. For boys, the exercise time was significantly higher than MVPA only on the weekends. As a result of Bland–Altman analysis, for both boys and girls in weekday and weekends, mean of questionnaire and accelerometer was associated with difference of questionnaire and accelerometer (Boys in weekday, r = 0.777, p < 0.001; Boys in weekends, r = 0.964, p < 0.001; Girls in weekday, r = 0.731, p < 0.001; Girls in weekends, r = 0.937, p < 0.001). In conclusion, our results suggested that a questionnaire-based evaluation of exercise time shows significant difference compared with accelerometer-based measurement of MVPA. In addition, exercise time of questionnaire-based evaluation was higher than MVPA of accelerometer-based measurement for both boys and girls on all days.
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OBJECTIVES: The sensitivity and positive predictive value of widely used intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) using electromyography (EMG) of the vocalis muscle in thyroid surgery are controversial. Thus, we developed a novel IONM system with an accelerometer sensor that uses the piezoelectric effect instead of EMG to detect laryngeal twitching. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of this novel IONM system during thyroid surgery in a porcine model. METHODS: We developed an accelerometer sensor that uses the piezoelectric effect to measure laryngeal twitching in three dimensions. This novel accelerometer sensor was placed in the anterior neck skin (transcutaneous) or postcricoid area. Stimulus thresholds, amplitude, and latency of laryngeal twitching measured using the accelerometer sensor were compared to those measured through EMG of the vocalis muscle. RESULTS: The amplitudes of the accelerometer sensor at the anterior neck and postcricoid area were significantly lower than those of EMG because of differences in the measurement method used to evaluate laryngeal movement. However, no significant differences in stimulus thresholds between the EMG endotracheal tube and transcutaneous or postcricoid accelerometer sensors were observed. CONCLUSION: Accelerometer sensors located at the anterior neck or postcricoid area were able to identify laryngeal twitching. The stimulus intensity measured with these sensors was equivalent to that from conventional vocalis EMG. Our novel IONM system with an accelerometer sensor that checks changes in surface acceleration can be an alternative to EMG of the vocalis muscle for IONM in the future.
Subject(s)
Acceleration , Electromyography , Laryngeal Muscles , Methods , Neck , Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve , Skin , Thyroid Gland , ThyroidectomyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether post-stroke patient’s perceived exertion correlates with effort intensity score as measured by a wearable sensor and to assess whether estimates of perceived exertion are correlated to the cerebral hemisphere involved in the stroke. METHODS: We evaluated the effort intensity score during physiotherapy sessions using a wearable sensor and subjects assessed their perceived exertion using the modified Borg CR10 Scale. RESULTS: Fifty-seven subacute stroke patients participated in the study. The correlation between perceived exertion rating and measured effort intensity was insignificant—mean (r=−0.04, p=0.78) and peak (r=−0.05, p=0.70). However, there was a significant difference (p<0.02) in the perceived exertion ratings depending on the cerebral hemisphere where the stroke occurred. Patients with left-hand side lesions rated their perceived exertion as 4.5 (min–max, 0.5–8), whereas patients with right-hand side lesions rated their perceived exertion as 5.0 (2–8). CONCLUSION: While there was an insignificant correlation between perceived exertion and effort intensity measured by a wearable sensor, a consistent variations in perceived exertion estimates according to the side of the cerebral lesion was identified and established.